Ghioceii sau „vestitorii primăverii”. Dincolo de aspectul fragil şi delicat, ghioceii ascund o poveste presărată cu detalii interesante. Crezi că ştii totul despre ghiocei? Uite, bunica mea, când venea primăvara şi înfloreau ghioceii, aducea în casă un buchet mare de ghiocei culeşi din curte, spunându-ne că, astfel va scoate cloşca mulţi pui. Deci, nicodată, un singur ghiocel în casă 🙂
Cel mai reprezentativ membru al genului Galanthus este Ghiocelul comun (Galanthus nivalis). Ghioceii sunt plante cu bulbi, originari din Europa şi Asia. Au 2-3 frunze lungi şi subţiri, de culoare verde închis. Florile sunt albe şi apar câte una la fiecare bulb, mai ales primăvara devreme, dar uneori şi pe la mijlocul sau sfârşitul iernii, lucru care face ca ghioceii sa fie primele plante cu bulb care înfloresc.
Există varietăţi de ghiocei care înfloresc din ianuarie până în februarie, de regulă în zilele mai calde, după perioade geroase. Galanthus nivalis înfloreşte din ianuarie până în martie.
La prima vedere, toţi ghioceii par că sunt identici, însă nu este aşa. În lume există peste 100 de soiuri de ghiocei. De exemplu, Galanthus nivalis Pagoda este un soi de ghiocel care are petalele uşor răsucite spre exterior, iar Galanthus nivalis Virescens are petalele „decorate” cu dungi verzi.
Sunt şi câteva soiuri de ghiocei mai rar întâlnite. Varietatea Galanthus S. Arnott se remarcă prin florile de două ori mai mari decât cele ale ghioceilor obişnuiţi, iar soiul Galanthus reginae-olgae se remarcă prin perioada în care înfloreşte: toamna, în loc de primăvara.
Ghiocelul nu se prinde bine când e plantat ca bulb uscat, adică fără frunze. Serele specializate plantează grupuri de ghiocei cu frunze şi tot aşa ar trebui să îi şi comercializeze. Atunci când cumpărăm bulbi, trebuie să verificăm pe eticheta produsului de câtă vreme au stat bulbii în condiţiile uscate din magazin şi fără umiditate, pentru a fi siguri că nu s-au muiat sau ofilit.
Bulbii ghioceilor sunt otrăvitori. Aşa că manevrează-i cu grijă şi fereşte copiii şi animalele de companie de contactul cu aceştia. Bulbii otrăvitori fac ca nici un rozător să nu le atace rădăcina în timpul iernii, în condiţiile în care aceste plante sunt în perioada de vegetaţie când altele sunt în repaus.
Ghioceii au puteri tămăduitoare. Una din substanţele pe care aceştia o conţin, respectiv galantamina pare să fie una din căile naturale prin care poate fi prevenită şi chiar tratata teribila maladie Alzheimer şi demenţa senilă. Studii făcute până acum au dovedit acest lucru, dar cercetările continuă.
Istoria ghiocelului este veche de câteva milenii. În urma cu 3000 de ani, Homer, în “Odiseea”, scrie că zeul Mercur îi dă lui Ulise o iarbă numită moly (Galanthus nivalis), care l-a protejat pe eroul antic de otrăvurile vrăjitoarei Circe.
Simbolul speranţei. Ghioceii simbolizează speranţa, prietenia, inocenţa, puritatea, alinarea şi smerenia şi multe persoane cred că este de bun augur să cultive în propriile grădini aceste flori albe. Se crede că grădina în care sunt ghiocei este ferită de boli.
În Marea Britanie, ghiocelul nu este prilej de bucurie, cel puţin nu pentru care cred în superstiţii. Aceste persoane asociază ghiocelul cu moartea, din cauza unei legende care spune că o tânără şi-a găsit iubitul mort, iar lângă el era aşezat un ghiocel.
În ţara noastră există o rezervaţie unică de ghiocei dobrogeni – Galathus plicatus care se află în nordul Dobrogei, mai precis în Podişul Babadag, Cerna şi Măcin. Galathus plicatus este o specie protejată atât la nivel naţional cât şi european.
Se spune despre ghiocel că este prima floare de pe pământ. Legenda spune că atunci când Adam şi Eva au fost alungaţi din Rai era iarna, iar pământul era acoperit cu un strat gros de zăpadă. Pe măsură ce înainta prin zăpadă, Eva a început să îngheţe şi să plângă, amintindu-şi de frumuseţile din Grădina Paradisului. Atunci din zăpadă au răsărit ghioceii.
Potrivit unei legende, copiii vântului de primăvară şi-au pierdut mama, iar tatăl lor s-a căsătorit cu fiica vântului de miază-noapte care avea o fire rece şi ursuză. Doar că mama-vitregă alunga copiii de acasă în absenţa soţului ei pe o vreme rea, vijelioasă, tocmai când se lupta mai amarnic frigul cu căldura. Pentru că nu mai puteau să rabde frigul şi foamea, copiii se rugau lui Dumnezeu să le vină în ajutor, iar Acesta îi preface în primele flori ale primăverii – ghioceii.
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